America's Foreign Policy Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Test Prep

Gorbachev's leadership played a crucial role in the peaceful end of the Cold War through his implementation of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). These policies were transformative for the Soviet Union and contributed to a relaxed tension between the East and West. Glasnost allowed for greater freedom of expression and transparency within the Soviet society, leading to increased public discourse about political issues, which undermined rigid control. Perestroika aimed at reforming the stagnant Soviet economy by allowing more market-like reforms and decentralizing economic control, which ultimately weakened the centralized authority of the Communist Party.

By introducing these reforms, Gorbachev transformed the political landscape, fostering dialogue with Western leaders and facilitating negotiations on arms control. This approach contrasted sharply with the previous strategies that relied on military expansion and strict communist control, which had only perpetuated conflict and tension. Gorbachev’s willingness to engage with the West and recognize the need for change is a key factor that contributed to the de-escalation of Cold War hostilities and ultimately the peaceful dissolution of the Soviet bloc.